A Visit to a Fair Essay

A fair means a periodical gathering in some open place. I had got the rare opportunity of visiting the Baliyatra Fair in Cuttack. The fair was held on the full moon day in the month of Kartika. The fair is conducted every year on the bank of the Mahanadi. Thereby we commemorate our sea-trade with other countries in past. I had been to the fair with four of my friends. On our way to Cuttack, we discussed many things about our racial past. The Sadhavas of the then Kalinga were known for their richness and caliber in trade. They set sails for Java, Sumatra, China, Ceylon (Srilanka), Borneo, Indonesia, Rangoon for trade. They exchanged their goods for jewels and gold. The sea-trade does not exist now. So we float toy-boats down the stream to remember our past-glory. We reached the fair-in the evening. The place of fair was overcrowded with children, men and women. Men of different occupations had assembled there. Goods of various kinds had been brought to the Baliyatra for show and sale. People amused themselves in a great variety of ways. Some people had come to dispose of their articles. Some had come to buy and some for sightseeing. Mostly the people were from the neighboring villages. The fair continued for about a week. The place was full of stalls made of straw and bamboo. The place was spacious and there was proper sanitary arrangement. The stalls were full of fancy goods. They were giving a gorgeous look. Many people were coming to those stalls. They were in festive dress too. The dealers in shops dealt in various goods. It was a rare occasion for me to see those beautiful stalls. It relieved of my monotony. The vendors sold toys and ballons for children. There were horse-wheels and merry-go-rounds for children too. The volunteers and scouts from the high schools of the town took prominent part in controlling the crowd. There was enough enthusiasm amongst the villagers in holding the fair. We had some snacks and tea in the fair. In the fair there was display of skill in craftsmanship. We had an opportunity to visit a circus there that evening. We also purchased a few filigree works and horn works of Cuttack. Of course the prices of those articles were high. Still the people were purchasing those-things because they loved their rich tradition. A note worthy feature of the fair was that children were arguing with their guarding ns to purchase balloons and dolls in the fair. They pulled the sarees of their mothers and emended the balloons and sweets. It was an opportunity for the businessmen to reap profits. However, in book-stalls, books were being sold on rebate. I purchased a few books on Oriya literature. The police were alert in the fair to provide security to the visitors. There was fear of pick-pockets, theft and loss of goods, money and ornaments. Loudspeakers had been arranged at different places in the fair to warn the people of antisocial elements and black-marketers who sold stale sweets. The Baliyatra is a grand fair in Orissa. The visit to this fair is still afresh in my mind.

Nutrition and Carbohydrates Essay

In today’s society everyone is looking for the next best thing, there are all kinds of fad diets out there that are consistently making outrageous promises to consumers. The latest in the fad diet trend is the â€Å"Low Carbohydrate/High Protein† diet. To break it down simply  proteins are needed to help the body to grow and repair while carbohydrates provide energy. Both are needed in order for a person to remain healthy, which is why fad diets that promote one over the other are harmful to our bodies. Fad diets such as the â€Å"low carb/high protein† diet tend to have one thing in common. They promote the exaggerated benefits of their program and show unrealistic results all while telling the consumer that their diet is the best, the safest, or the most natural diet available. What they fail to make known are the potential health problems that going on crash or fad diets can cause. Fad diets such as the â€Å"low carb/high protein diet† all have well documented risks that should not be overlooked when doing research on weight loss. Are low carb/high protein diets and the rapid weight loss they promise worth the potential harm we could be doing to our bodies in the long run? On a daily basis we decide what we are going to put into our bodies with the knowledge that what we choose to eat affects the body in different ways. Carbohydrates are one of the crucial macronutrients that perform an essential role in fueling the human body. They provide the body with energy and in order for the body to use carbohydrates for energy food must undergo digestion, absorption, and glycolysis. It is recommended that 55 to 60 percent of our caloric intake come from carbohydrates. It is important to keep in mind that there are different types of Carbohydrates. There are good and there are also bad carbohydrates and it is up to us to choose which ones to digest as part of a healthy diet. Eating a healthy diet would ideally include Carbohydrates but it is possible for the body to exist without them. Certain diet programs suggest cutting out Carbohydrates all together in order to lose weight. It is up to the consumer to decide to include Carbs in their diet or accept the potential risks of cutting them out completely. There are simple Carbohydrates which are most commonly referred to as blood sugar are found in sugared sodas, pastries, and high processed foods. Then there are complex Carbs which are composed of starch, glycogen, and dietary fiber. These types of Carbs are commonly found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. The starch represents the digestible carbohydrate that gets broken down in order to release sugar into the bloodstream to produce energy. Glycogen is similar to starch but, the primary storage site in the human body is the liver and the muscles. Proteins are equally as important as Carbohydrates and play a critical role in keeping the body healthy. There are many health benefits that come from including protein in your diet. The body needs to ingest enough protein to help with tissue repair if you sustain an injury. Proteins help the body to fight off illness and disease and also keep the immune system functioning properly. Our bodies can produce almost every amino acid needed to remain healthy but there are nine amino acids that our bodies cannot produce. Therefore we must obtain these nine amino acids by keeping a balanced diet that is high in protein. Though they are becoming more and more popular, â€Å"High Protein, Low Carbohydrate Diets† have their pros and cons. When protein levels become escalated due to high amounts of saturated fats such as those found in animal products, problems may occur. These problems could eventually lead to heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and several types of cancer. Restricting Carbohydrates from your diet is essentially cutting off the fuel from your brain, heart, and other organs thus depriving the body of what it needs to function. Diets that advocate cutting Carbohydrates count on the fact that your body will go into a different metabolic state called ketosis, in order to lose weight. When the body is in Ketosis it begins to pull energy from the carbon fragments that the breakdown of fat creates. The beginning stages of ketosis can be recognized easily as the consumer begins to feel less hungry and the weight starts to come off rapidly. Though this seems like an optimal outcome, restricting Carbohydrates could lead to health problems such as kidney failure or kidney stones. The issues associated with protein packed diets are that often times once the consumer decides to stop the diet, the weight they lost is rapidly regained, leading to a potentially dangerous cycle of â€Å"yo-yo dieting. † Diets such as these can place you at risk for certain deficiencies. Sometimes too little or too much of something may result in poor health which is why balance is so important. Eating a low carbohydrate diet has adverse side effects such as headaches, bad breath, constipation, muscle weakness, and feelings of fatigue. The effects of not having of not having complex carbohydrates result from restricting plant based foods, which are in phytochemicals and antioxidants and these chemicals offer protection against diseases. The healthy solution is choosing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and beans as your carbohydrate source since these contain vitamins, nutrients, and fiber that our bodies need. Consuming high protein diets consisting of red meats or other high fat food are linked to high cholesterol. The benefits of a healthy and balanced diet should include high energy levels, internal organs working properly, and overall physical and mental good health. With the United States being at the forefront of the obesity epidemic, many have turned to fad diets as a solution, without concern for the potential risks. Comparatively to living a natural and holistic lifestyle, dieting has been proven to be ineffective and detrimental in the long run. Throughout history diets have been proven to be unreliable and at times unsafe, which is why it is so important to understand that having a healthy well-balanced diet is the key to weight management and overall good health.

Recent Earthquake Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Recent Earthquake Analysis - Research Paper Example American Plate (moving towards west) encounters the Caribbean Plate (moving towards east), causing a relatively active zone of subduction and systems of volcanic island-arc. The Antilles zone of subduction is in the southeast direction of this. In the same manner, the South Sandwich Islands which are located in the southern Atlantic also indicate an active zone of subduction. In this case, the Atlantic Plate undergoes subduction under the Antarctic Plate, leading to the creation of the volcanic South Sandwich Islands (Salkey, 59). The majority of highly destructive tsunamis in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean were caused by either the result of volcanic eruption or seismic (earthquake) activity. A considerable proportion of these led to localized death and damage, but no regionally catastrophic scale damages beyond the Caribbean. There are numerous unconfirmed and confirmed tsunami events that led to localized flooding, particularly in the Caribbean Islands and South Sandwich Islands. There have been slightly over 50 confirmed tsunamis, differing in size, around the Caribbean Islands and South Sandwich Islands since the year 1530 (Selinus,

SEE ATTACHMENT4L Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SEE ATTACHMENT4L - Essay Example Finally, conflicts with a friend is best resolved using analytical skills to determine the root of the problem, and to eventually compromise, on the basis of the terms agreed upon. What are the barriers to win - win solutions? Win-win solutions mean that the terms and conditions are agreeable and amenable on both parties. The barrier to this type of solution therefore is finding a middle ground which would enable both parties to compromise on an agreement. How do you agree to disagree with someone? Agreeing to disagree with someone entails cognitive skills that would have enabled one to assess the source of conflict on issues being discussed. When the argument being asserted does not conform to one’s believes, values, and preferences, then; it is best to disagree with the contentions of the other party. Where they effective in resolution? Some of the avoidance tactics, such as deferring the discussion of the issue to future dates is effective, only in terms of preventing exacerbating the conflicting situation. When anger or emotional intensity have subsided, then, both parties could try to resolve the issue using other conflict resolution strategies, such as problem-solving, or compromising, as

Critical Appraisal of Qualitative Research Assignment

Critical Appraisal of Qualitative Research - Assignment Example To maintain data untainted in any way, researchers and interviewers need to create questions in ways that would not affect the outcome through preconception of answers from the interviewees (Smith, Flowers, & Larkin, 2009). Using methods least-likely to affect the interviewees by allowing them to be themselves without necessitating them to change their attitudes and collecting data as soon as possible, biases or inconsistencies in interviewee data can be minimized. An approach on qualitative interviewing called phenomenological analysis has been devised so as to prevent such biases, wherein there is a need to find out the phenomenon of a lived experience by allowing researchers to take part in another individual’s experience and interpret these experiences based on their own and within their consciousness (Letts, et al., 2007; Smith, et al., 2009). The phenomenological analysis is concerned with collecting human experiences using philosophical principles and rationale in study ing human experiences through various and vivid descriptions of each experience (Holloway, 2005). After the delivery of either a highly-specific or highly-generic question, collation of data is done through the assimilation of similarities and differences and tallying the results so as to find out any factors that might have any effects on the experiences of the interviewees. By using a minimalist approach, interviewees are allowed to give much more focus on the effects or the impact of their own experiences rather than analyzing the reasons on why they had these experiences in the first place (Wimpenny & Gass, 2000). Reduction or bracketing in conducting interviews using the phenomenological analysis is considered so as to prevent any misconceptions or presuppositions on behalf of both parties. However the use of such an analysis is not considered to be an ultimate method in itself since phenomenological analysis does not employ any exacting style or process, thus it is considered to be an approach in obtaining data (Wimpenny & Gass, 2000). With regards to specific methods, the Grounded theory can be considered because it utilizes methods of obtaining qualitative data via approaches such as phenomenological analysis in the identification of social processes in any given situation (Letts, et al., 2007; Mills, Bonner, & Francis, 2008; Wimpenny & Gass, 2000). However, similarities end here as grounded theory is not used in its entirety but instead is only employed as one of the methods used in order to obtain qualitative data, whereas phenomenological approach is seen as abstract and generalised concept in the process of theory formulation and analysis of qualitative information (Wimpenny & Gass, 2000). Thus, the grounded theory can be employed as only one of the few methods to systematically obtain qualitative data, and the phenomenological approach is the overall driving force.

Strategies for Effective Team Building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategies for Effective Team Building - Essay Example It must be noted at the outset that language barriers, cultural differences, and goal-setting strategies vary across the globe. Assembling a viable team, therefore, must proceed on the basis that these teams will be of an intercultural nature. Local hires with business contacts will be better able to assist in our global growth than outsiders with a lack of local or regional business acumen and connections. Staffing should be a cooperative effort between a human resource manager in the office and a local staffing organization. Potential team members will be screened by the local company and then interviewed at the regional office in more depth. Most of the sales force ought to be individuals from the region with a few senior members of the team to establish and implement the subsequent team-building tools and to oversee the larger operation of the regional office. Once this team is in place, it is necessary to establish and implement a regime of team-building tools which will encourage a set of common goals and reduce potential instances of miscommunication. Intercultural communication remains a significant issue for businesses and non-commercial organizations around the world. It remains a significant issue because miscommunication and related misunderstandings can negatively affect an organization’s pursuit of its objectives (Organizational Cultures, 2000).   The notions of diversity and multicultural teams, in the context of team development, are central considerations.   There are both demonstrated advantages and disadvantages associated with multicultural teams (Stahl, 2005).   The goal ought to be to emphasize the advantages while at the same time making organizational adjustments to better understand the disadvantages and thereby convert them into advantages.

Business report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Business report - Essay Example Likewise, Reebok-CCM Hockey is one of the planet's biggest originators, makers and advertisers of ice hockey gear and identified clothing with two of the planet's most prevalent hockey mark names: Reebok Hockey and CCM. This report provides valuable information about the company’s current Status and future opportunities for improvement (MarketLine, 2013, p.ND). Current Status Leveraging solid mark portfolio to create a vigorous retail foot shaped impression The association is leveraging its marks to create an in number retail presence and increment benefit edges by expanding retail bargains as a rate of aggregate bargains. The association's divide of own-retail has developed significantly and at present Adidas works 2,401 stores for the Adidas and Reebok marks worldwide. So as to guarantee fitting combination and presentation at the purpose of deal, the association either operates its stores itself (own-retail and e-business forms) or works together with its wholesale friends for example mono-marked establishment stores, shop-in-shops, joint steps and co-marked stores. To further improve its retail operations, Adidas has a midway crew which works nearly with the association's business sector conglomerations to drive the exhibition of the Adidas and Reebok retail operations worldwide. With a specific end goal to further develop its retail foot shaped impression, the association plans to open around 100 to 150 Adidas and Rebook stores and rebuild around 180 stores throughout FY2012. Adidas' solid mark portfolio and improved retail presence empower less demanding client review and encourage it to drive topline development and further bolstering accomplish aggressive good fortune over its companions. Keep tabs on exploration and infrastructure has helped ceaseless advancement of new features Adidas gives critical resources and thoughtfulness regarding item growth, process innovation and buyer understanding research to improve items with imaginative and notab le characteristics for its two marks: Adidas and Reebok. Indeed, in demanding the earth, the association kept up its speculation on R&D. Adidas used E115 million ($160.1 million) on R&D in FY2011, an increment of 13% over FY2010 (Borowski, 2011). The Adidas Innovation Team is answerable for the growth of new advances and thoughts in all key item classifications for the Adidas mark. The crew is partitioned into aggregations that concentrate on attire, footwear and fittings, inside which there are single feature centre classifications like ball, football (soccer), American football or cross-class venture regions for example clever items or vigour administration frameworks (padding innovations). Notwithstanding its inward R&D undertakings, Adidas likewise acquires a constrained measure of R&D dexterity from generally made exploration friends, incorporating University of Loughborough (England), the University of Calgary (Canada), the University of Michigan (the US), the University of Er langen-Nuremberg and the University of Freiburg (Germany), and also Waseda University (Tokyo, Japan). This methodology permits a more stupendous adaptability and quicker access to know-how as contrasted with significant time and assets needed if advanced inside the association. Throughout 2011, Adidas likewise banded together with

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Finance - Essay Example ce is still in its infancy with some serious limitations but it still can offer a relatively critical and most important alternative system that can offer the same. My purpose of the study therefore is to study this field at academic level and explore further the relative dynamics and mechanics of Islamic Finance and how it can be appropriately applied at Banks so that Banks and other financial institutions not only diversify their range of options but also engage themselves into non-speculative activities to safeguard the interest of their stakeholders. Since Islamic Finance is unique in the sense that it considers depositors and borrowers as owners therefore the implications of such assumptions make Islamic Finance a more unique blend to study and understand for securing the conventional financial system. I would request admission committee to consider my credentials for this course and allow me admission at PhD level for this course so that I can engage myself into researching and studying one of the most critical approaches to dealing with Financial matters in our daily

Technology development and the problems Research Paper

Technology development and the problems - Research Paper Example However, people have become more disconnected from reality, and interpersonal relations have deteriorated. The computer has made the social lives of human beings worse by creating a society where human dignity has not been preserved like in the past. The computer, which uses the computer software to operate, has had detrimental effects on the lives of human beings. Face-to- face communication enhances socialization, closes kinship ties and cultivates friendship thus mutual co-existence. Face to face mode of communication is also very reliable as one is able to seek clarification and further elaboration. The computer has eroded humanism with individuals becoming cold hearted and mean towards fellow human beings as they become more and more accustomed to the computer rather than fellow human beings. Face-to-face mode of communication is more reliable than the computers. In the past, before computers became the chief forms of communication, societies used to rely on credible verified sources like authorities. These authorities or institutions were widely acclaimed and had to be rigorously trained and verified, undertaking several tests. However, the computer has changed everything. Online materials are known to be posted by whoever has the capacity to do so. It is thus very difficult to ascertain or verify the credibility of the information. Some of the materials are written by anonymous writers and thus hard to contact the source for any clarification. Other works have been written by people who are geographically far away, yet their works are available almost allover the world, these authors or writes are nowhere to be seen or found, to explain their ideas. People in the past used to question the face-to-face form of communication as they viewed the source as mortal like themselves thus capable of making mistakes. This enabled works of individuals to be revised by several other people

Philosophy of Education for Foundations of Education Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of Education for Foundations of Education Essay Introduction Education is an ongoing process based upon experience. The old adage you learn something new everyday is very true, and nothing fascinates me more than simply talking to other people; you can learn so much from them. Education is the foundation of our American society, and the children of today are the future of our country, but educating them is not enough; we must be good role models and present a system of morals and values in our classrooms. Our objective in education is directly related to the social sciences in that the classroom is a microcosm of our society. As teachers we try to prepare our students for real-world situations. Interacting socially, communicating effectively and understanding other peoples emotions, feelings and points of view will help our students blossom into productive and understanding adults. Howard Gardner wrote about multiple intelligences, which I think is a huge step in improving the classroom environment and lesson plans to include ways that everyone can learn (Tomlinson, 2002). He identified eight different ways to be smart that traditional IQ tests would not show. This model allows students to excel in these categories through different types of instruction, such as verbal ability, referred to as the linguistic intelligence, or the ability to play an instrument, referred to as the musical intelligence (Johnson et al. , 2005). My classroom will be entertaining, first and foremost. I understand the material I am teaching elementary school children, but delivering that material effectively depends on how they feel about school. Motivating children and getting them excited about learning is not always easy, but it is a key ingredient to a successful classroom. As a male entering the elementary education field I understand my role as a possible father figure (Kindlon and Thompson, 1999) and recognize the importance. I want to make a difference in the world, and I see no better way than through the efforts of education. Definition of Philosophy From the perspective of a future educator, I see myself identifying with the qualities of existentialism the most. This theory can be hard to explain at times because it relies so heavily on the meaning we impose on our lives through education, an idea that cannot be expressed in a limited amount of words and one that differs from individual to individual. Existentialism is routed in the fact that our lives are meaningless; we live in a meaningless world and a meaningless period of time no different than any other. In essence, the quest to find meaning in our lives defines our life. A large part of this view is the idea that we are all free, an idea embraced in America but not typically recognized throughout the world or throughout history. Given this, our freedom allows us to make choices and these choices define us. The goal of the teacher through this philosophy is not to teach freedom, but to embrace it. Tracking, measurement and standardization homogenize the classroom, whereas our goal as teachers is to individualize the classroom and foster a healthy student-teacher relationship. The students feelings are important and we should not compare ourselves to an ideal self but who we actually are, and education is the tool that fills the gaps of understanding this. Because I have yet to become a teacher, I am not quite sure how and in what ways measurement and standardization negatively impact the classroom, but I am aware of the separation and animosity created my tracking. Getting the students to think positively about themselves will foster healthy learning and create a positive self-esteem that will drive them to learn both in the classroom and through questioning on their own. Sparking that fire is the idea behind existentialism, and in a world where we are essentially meaningless, it is up to us as teachers to inspire our students to grasp the freedom they have, bring meaning into their life, and use that excitement to find meaning in all that they do. Also, in sparking critical thinking, students will engage in a thoughtful and reflective process similar to Blooms taxonomy where a number of levels of learning are happening, dependent on how information in the classroom affects them and their existence as well as essence. Another important tool we can use to define our philosophy as a teacher is the Ways of Knowing. I feel like I identify most with the Eastern Way of Knowing, particularly the Chinese thought because of the emphasis on moral development. Understanding facts and theories is important in education, but sometimes it is hard to distinguish what is actually necessary from what is trivial. Preaching morals allows us to respect others, particularly elders, and gain from their knowledge, something that cannot always be taught in the classroom. Also, it will foster a more productive and peaceful society, one that is the best to learn in. Confucianism and Taoism play a large role in this type of knowing as well, and the reliance on harmony can be compared to the need for smooth transitions in the field of education. Although Confucius implemented the need for rules and standards, contradictory to my belief in existentialism, he has influenced society and education in particular for thousands of years. These rules help keep life orderly and efficient, and the success of Chinese government, business and family life can be attributed to this as well as the harmony between the three. Taoism affects the Chinese thought by suggesting that we should leave things alone and not force personal desires onto the way things will naturally occur. This eliminates the need for competition and is more consistent with the existentialist view. Competition can be good in many ways, but when comparing students we must be careful and considerate. There is no place in the classroom for making anyone feel inferior, and I feel more strongly about that than any other aspect of teaching right now. In relation to morals and respect, I will never allow a student to think they are better than any other student, and hopefully using this method will prepare them for life in the real world, where manners and morals can actually take you pretty far. Even if its not for achievement, preaching this will promote self-improvement and a genuine compassion for other students, which is what I strive for in the classroom. Based on the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and rooted in existentialism, humanism is the educational approach that I fell closest too. Humanism makes the assumption that we are essentially born good and that children enter the world not as a blank slate, but with innate qualities and dispositions. Consistent and nearly identical to existentialism, humanism stresses the role of individualism in the classroom and says that society turns people evil. Group-oriented education is rejected because it weakens the student-teacher relationship, limits self-actualization (based on the students feelings), and measures students as objects, effectively doing away with the individual self. Teachers involving humanism in the classroom look for student interests as guidelines for instruction and assessment and even go as far as letting the students pick the material and activities. Students discover their own opinions through divergent thinking and should not be influenced by the teachers views. Eastern influences on Humanism are also prevalent, as people should be looked at as valuable individuals that deserve respect, not as objects to be manipulated, described by the I-Thou and I-It example, respectively. I am an optimist; the glass is always half full. Therefore, I strongly believe that people are created equally, good and free. Society can have a negative impact on individuals, but it can also have a positive impact. Our goal as teachers is to become that positive force and to let every student know that we care about them as individuals. The book cites how a college classroom can consist of more than one-hundred students, leaving know room for a personal relationship with the professor. One of the main reasons I came to W and J was for that small school feel where I could have a personal relationship with my professors: I feel like I do better in my classes and that I also learn more and feel more confident about my abilities. If we can achieve this goal, rather than making our students just a number, we will truly succeed as educators. References Johnson, J. A. , Musial, D. , Hall, G. E. , Gollnick, D. M. , Dupuis, V. L. (2005). Introduction to the foundations of American education (pp. 448). Boston: Allyn Bacon. Kindlon, D. , Thompson M. (1999). Raising Cain: Protecting the emotional life of boys (pp. 333). New York: Ballentine. Tomlinson, C. A. (2002). Different learners, different lessons. Scholastic Instructor, 9, 21, 24-26, 91.

Gambling Addiction Literature Review

Gambling Addiction Literature Review Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction This chapter covers a review of past literatures pertaining to the topic under study. As an opening, it brings in the limelight the backbone of gambling. Several definitions about gambling and the rationale behind are put forward as described by several authors. Following this, the different types of gambling activities adopted by the university students are highlighted; namely poker, sports wagering and lotteries for example. Furthermore, gamblers response towards the gambling activities and their problems are reviewed and contrasted. 2.2 What is gambling? Gambling is the wagering of money or something of material value (stakes) on an event with an uncertain outcome with the primary intent of winning additional money or goods. Three key elements in gambling are: Consideration, Chance and Prize (I. N. Rose, 2013). McGill university review refers gambling as any game or activity in which you may risk money or a valuable object in order to win money. The elements present in gambling are firstly that one needs to realize that by gambling, something valuable is being put at risk, secondly the outcome of the game is determined by chance and finally once a bet is made it is irreversible. 2.3 History of gambling: Gambling is one of mankind’s oldest doings as indicated by writings and equipments found in tombs and other places. The foundation of gambling is considered to be divinatory by emitting marked sticks and other objects and inferring the upshot, man sought the understanding of future and the aims of gods. Anthropologists have also pointed to the fact that gambling is more rampant in societies where there is an extensive belief in gods and spirits whose compassion may be sought. With the advent of legal gambling houses in the 17th century, mathematicians came to a decision to take a serious awareness in games of randomizing equipment, such as dice and cards, out of which grew the field of probability theory. Organised approved sports betting dates back to the late 18th century where there was a swing in the official stance towards gambling, from considering it to a sin to considering it to a vice and a human weakness and lastly to seeing it as a mostly harmless and even entertaining activity. By the start of the 21th century approximately four out of five people in western nations gambled at least every week. 2.4 Who is a gambler? A person who wagers money on the outcome of games or sporting events can be categorized as a gambler. Gamblers can visit gambling houses, or through any other facility, to place their bets and hope for a win. There are three common types of gambler the social gambler, the professional gambler and the problem gambler. The professional gamblers are the rarest form of gambler and do not depend on luck but much more of games of skills to make an earning. They have full control over the money, time and energy they are spending on the game. The social gambler considers gambling to be a recreational activity and they maintain control of their betting, the energy and the time they spend on the game. They consider their betting to be a price to be paid for entertainment. Problem gambler involves the continuous involvement in gambling despite negative consequences and this can lead to other health and social problems. 2.5 Gambling across the globe 2.5.1 Gambling age The gambling age across the globe varies greatly. In some countries and areas gambling is proscribed altogether, in others gambling is only authorized for foreigners. In some areas, everyone is allowed to play but the betting age requirement is not the same for citizens as for foreigners. An example of such a country is Portugal where foreigners are allowed to venture in all casinos at the age of 18, while citizens need to be 21 or 25 depending on the gaming house. The most familiar gambling age across the sphere is 18 years and more than 50% of western countries have this gambling age. There are nonetheless abundance of examples of countries that have a superior limit, such as Greece and Germany. Germany is a good model of how thorny the question of gambling age really is as Germany, just like in the USA, has different ages in different states within the nation. Most German states require you to be 18 years old, but some have placed the age constraint at 21 years instead. Generally speaking, one can see a trend of countries and states lowering the gambling age from the once dominating gambling age of 21 year to just 18 years. This trend has been going for quite some time and across large parts of the world. 2.5.2 Top of the world Certain countries are, as a whole, hot ongambling. Measured in terms of loss per capita of adults, the two top nations containing the maximum loss stand head and shoulders above the world. Those two infamous gambling Mecca’s are Australia and Singapore (American Gaming Association, 2006). The top five countries as to gambling losses per capita of the adult population comprise: Australia, Singapore, Ireland, Canada and Finland. The average net yearly per adult expenditure on gambling for these nations runs from $1,275 down to $540 (American Gaming Association, 2006). 2.6 Gambling in Mauritius: It was recently declared that the Council of Ministers in Mauritius endorsed the resolution that bookmakers operating out of the Champ de Mars racecourse are now permitted to work only on Fridays and Saturdays. Till now they were allowed to take bets upon publication of the official program of races on Thursdays. The raison dà ªtre set for this decision is that it will smooth the progress of condensing the influence of gambling on the Mauritians. Gambling has become part of the foundation of the Mauritian society over the years. This takes account of casino gambling, online gambling, horse race betting and the â€Å"loterie verte†. Althoughhorse racingis still a popular betting sport, the Lotto, since its preface on the 7th of November 2009 as the new national lottery, has exceeded it in standing. We just have to pay attention to the radio for a few minutes or take a glimpse at the billboards when driving on the public road to get to know about the jackpot for the coming draw. There are more than 500 counters across the island in supermarkets, petrol pumps, and shops facilitating customers to play the Lotto. Around 12 scratch cards have also been pioneered giving people the prospect of winning instant money. When people primarily used to place their hard-earned money on horses, now they are being ensnared into wasting it on the Lotto. A considerable number of people are already conquered by the â€Å"jackpot feverâ₠¬ , spending more than usual when the jackpot gets bigger. 2.7 Types of gambling: Gambling is a vast world which compromises of many branches from which people try their luck in the hope to make more money or just for the thrill of the game. In Mauritius you can easily find casinos, gaming houses (which is smaller than a casino but offers the same service for middle class players) and shops where you gamble. Some of the available forms of gambling present on the island are: 2.7.1 The lottery. The ‘lottery verte’ and the Lotto are the most common and most profitable types of gambling for the government in Mauritius. The ‘Lottery verte’ is a monthly lottery where you have to buy the tickets at a retailer, which can be found everywhere, and you just have to wait for the end of the month to check your results and see if you have won. The prices of the tickets are Rs10 each and you are eligible to win prices ranging from Rs 100000 to Rs 10 million. On the other hand you have the Lotto which settled itself in Mauritius more recently and now it’s the new craze for Mauritian. The idea is that you have to select 6 numbers out of 40 (each number can be selected only once) and then you just have to go to any supermarkets or retailer to validate your 6 numbers. Each ticket cost Rs20 and you can play as much ticket you want. The lottotech, the company which runs the lotto, makes a public draw, on air, on the national channel every Sa turday. The lotto is a lottery where you have a cumulative jackpot, that is if no one wins the jackpot this week then the other week they will add this to a new jackpot thus every time you have the chance of winning a bigger one if you lose, and this jackpot starts at Rs5 million and can go up to Rs70 million (biggest jackpot won till now). 2.7.2 Horse racing. Horse racing is anchored in our society for ages and it forms part nowadays in our cultural and historical heritage. It was introduced in Mauritius by the English before the independence and it is still going strong. In the beginning horse racing was more for fame and social status than for making money and gambling. Latter to make the horse industry run and thrive, the board introduced betting on the horse racing and this was also a good opportunity for government to get tax money. Horse racing is a huge event in Mauritius, every Saturday and on some special occasions on Sundays we have horse racing at the Champ de Mars which is the race tracks found in the capital Port Louis. Nowadays in every rural and urban area you can find bookmakers who will take your bets on the horses as from Friday and on racing days you have a huge crowd who converge to the Champ de Mars for the fun and in the hope of making money. 2.7.3 Casino. A casino is a facility which accommodates certain types of gambling activities such as slot machines, poker, blackjack, big or small, van lak, dice and roulette for example. Casinos are situated at strategic areas to lure more and more clients, such strategic areas might be near hotels, touristic attractions, or even a city or town which is well frequented by many people. In Mauritius you have many casinos or gaming houses, which are smaller casinos but still well frequented by the people, found in the urban areas such as Rose-Hill, Vacoas, Port-Louis and some touristic places such as Grand Baie. Most games played have mathematically-determinedoddsthat ensure the house has at all times an overall advantage over the players. This can be expressed more precisely by the notion ofexpected value, which is uniformly negative (from the players perspective). This advantage is called thehouse edge. This is why there is an adage â€Å"the house always wins† for the casinos . In Mauritius nowadays we can witness more and more casinos being offered a patent and opening their doors to the public. The government knows that this is a prolific market and if they can make gambling accessible to more tourists and people it will surely be an advantage to them since the casinos have to pay a huge tax and money to get their patent. We can see that several tournaments are being organized in Mauritius, such as the World Poker Tour National Mauritius, which lures people from all over Africa and the Indian Ocean to come to Mauritius just to play poker. The hotels now when they are advertising the island they also advertise casinos to get more tourists, a new clientele and a really good strategy that differs from other hotels as they are targeting more and more high class ‘gambling tourists’ and which is a very profitable market. 2.7.4 Scratch cards. This is the new craze among the Mauritian people. Scratch cards are simple and easily available across the whole island. The rule is simple just buy one and you have to scratch the opaque surface which concealed the information, if you get the required symbols you win, and the most attractive part of it is the opportunity to win instantly as compared to lottery where you have to wait for the draw and the prices at which they are sold and the prizes that you can get from it. Cards can range from Rs20 to Rs100 and prizes may vary from Rs200 000 to Rs1 million. The scratch cards are supervised by the Lottotech the same company which manage the Lotto in Mauritius. 2.7.5 Online gambling. Easy, availability, and affordable are the words usually associated with online gambling. Easy to log in on some betting sites, no account needs to be created and no fees to be paid. Availability because of the fact that it is all over the internet, you do not have to look far to find online gambling sites. Banner ads and pop-ups can be found on mostly every site which has a high level of traffic by people. It is affordable since some sites just let you bet for free and if you win then you have to cash in to be able to play, some allows you to choose how many you want to bet and give you live odds according to what is happening which cannot be found elsewhere. Online gambling targets most of the time teenagers, this is a strategy called ‘grooming’ whereby they make the teenagers feel acquainted with the attractiveness of the game so that when he becomes older he will still be a potential income earner and a player. 2.8 Gambling among university students Gambling is omnipresent among university students as demonstrated through researches. The vast majority of students gamble without experiencing ill effects, yet almost 8% of university students may build up a gambling problem (Derevensky, J. L., Gupta, R. (2007). Gambling was once an acceptable form of entertainment on campuses but with the new laws, it is now forbidden to participate in any kind of gambling activities, but still it can be found everywhere. However, the warning signs of developing a gambling problem are not brought forward, as is seen with other potentially addictive behaviors, such as drug use and alcohol consumption. With the swell in gambling venues, social recognition of gambling, and access to extensive and inexpensive means of gambling, it is not astounding that studies have found high rates of gambling linked adverse problems among college students. 2.9 Problem gambling Problem gambling or ludomania is an urge to continuously gamble despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop. The prevalence of problem gambling has been evaluated at 7.8% among university students which is considerably high than the roughly 5% rate found among the general population (Blinn, Pike, Worthy, Jonkman, 2006). Students facing problem gambling illustrate many signs including isolating behavior, lowered academic performance, poor impulse control and displaying extreme overconfidence, and participating in other high risk behaviors such as bringing on alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use and risky sexual behavior (LaBrie, etal, 2003), (Goodie, A.S, 2005). Environmental factors also contribute to problem gambling. The surroundings of a student are a key factor in determining whether he is prone to problem gambling. If the students live in an area where gambling opportunities and social normative beliefs that are supportive of gambling activities are available, this i ncreases the likelihood of gambling participation and of development of a gambling problem. Staffs that are conscious of environmental conditions that may contribute to problem gambling can develop policies to help these students (Wehner,M. 2007). 2.9.1 Gambling Addiction and Problem Gambling Whether you wage on scratch cards, sports, poker, roulette, or slots, in a casino or online, problem gambling can sprain relationships, impede with work, and escort to fiscal cataclysm. You may even do things you never contemplate you would, like stealing money to gamble or reimburse your debts. You may believe you can’t stop but, with the right help, you can triumph over a gambling problem or compulsion and reclaim control of your life. The first step is recognizing and acknowledging the problem. Gambling dependence is occasionally referred to as the hidden illness because there are no apparent substantial signs or symptoms like there are in drug or alcohol addiction. Problem gamblers on average refute or minimize the problem. They also go to great lengths to bury their gambling habits. For example, problem gamblers regularly depart from their loved ones, sneak around, and lie about where they’ve been and what they’ve been up to (Jeanne Segal, Ph.D., Melinda Smi th, M.A., and Lawrence Robinson, 2013).

A visit of charity Essays -- essays research papers

A Visit of Charity In the short story of "A Visit of Charity" by Eudora Welty, a fourteen-year-old girl visits two women in a home for the elderly to bring them a plant and to earn points for Campfire Girls. Welty implies through this story that neither the society that supports the home nor the girl, Marian, knows the meaning of the word "charity." Websterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s New World College Dictionary defines "charity" as "the love of man for his fellow men: an act of good will or affection." But instead of love, good will, and affection, self-interest, insensitivity, and dehumanization prevail in this story. Welty's description of the setting and her portrayal of Marian dramatize the theme that people's selfishness and insensitivity can blind them to the humanity and needs of others. Many features of the setting, a winter's day at a home for elderly women, suggest coldness, neglect, and dehumanization. Instead of evergreens or other vegetation that might lend softness or beauty to the place, the city has landscaped it with "prickly dark shrubs." Behind the shrubs the whitewashed walls of the Old Ladies' Home reflect "the winter sunlight like a block of ice." Welty also implies that the cold appearance of the nurse is due to the coolness in the building as well as to the stark, impersonal, white uniform she is wearing. Perhaps the clearest evidence of dehumanization is the small, crowded rooms, each inhabited by two older wom...

The Everglades :: Personal Narrative Writing

The Everglades â€Å"We have to be careful. We have a slough slog virgin in the back.† When one of my professors said this, I said to myself, â€Å"Oh lord, what have I gotten myself into?!† In the previous class, I had to miss the second of half due to family vacation plans, making me miss the slog in Pa-Hay-Okee. I was a little upset I had to miss it just because I did not want to be different from anyone else in the class, but I must admit I was a bit glad because I hate water. So when we were having lunch and find out that we would do a â€Å"minor slog† at the Clyde Butcher studio I had a conniption. Where is this photography studio that a slog is actually possible? Surprisingly enough, it was one of the best times I have had in class all semester. I could not help but remember Ranger Maureen’s interpretation speech. How when you undergo events differently, sure, it may seem odd, but it allows you to experience it in a way you normally would not, which hence enables you to construe things in a unique way. Going to class every other week, people often ask me where I am going, and I normally just answer, â€Å"going to the Everglades.† We drive, meet, discuss, interact a bit, and go home. Granted, we have done some interesting things, but never did I imagine that I would literally be in the Everglades. We were sticking to the ground beneath us, in the wilderness, nothing surrounding us but nature; I felt so outdoorsy. But what of puzzled me a little still was â€Å"normal† people who would actually do this every day of their lives. When we got to the Clyde Butcher studio, and met the receptionist, I was surprised to see her. Someone who looked as pretty and trendy as her, you would not expect to see out in the middle of no where, let alone actually living there! You would expect to see biologists, ecologists, and other such scientists, but not some dainty young lady. A few of us actually made a joke about her, correlating to the Matthiessen book, saying that she was trying to run away from her past and just hiding out. I mean that place does The Everglades :: Personal Narrative Writing The Everglades â€Å"We have to be careful. We have a slough slog virgin in the back.† When one of my professors said this, I said to myself, â€Å"Oh lord, what have I gotten myself into?!† In the previous class, I had to miss the second of half due to family vacation plans, making me miss the slog in Pa-Hay-Okee. I was a little upset I had to miss it just because I did not want to be different from anyone else in the class, but I must admit I was a bit glad because I hate water. So when we were having lunch and find out that we would do a â€Å"minor slog† at the Clyde Butcher studio I had a conniption. Where is this photography studio that a slog is actually possible? Surprisingly enough, it was one of the best times I have had in class all semester. I could not help but remember Ranger Maureen’s interpretation speech. How when you undergo events differently, sure, it may seem odd, but it allows you to experience it in a way you normally would not, which hence enables you to construe things in a unique way. Going to class every other week, people often ask me where I am going, and I normally just answer, â€Å"going to the Everglades.† We drive, meet, discuss, interact a bit, and go home. Granted, we have done some interesting things, but never did I imagine that I would literally be in the Everglades. We were sticking to the ground beneath us, in the wilderness, nothing surrounding us but nature; I felt so outdoorsy. But what of puzzled me a little still was â€Å"normal† people who would actually do this every day of their lives. When we got to the Clyde Butcher studio, and met the receptionist, I was surprised to see her. Someone who looked as pretty and trendy as her, you would not expect to see out in the middle of no where, let alone actually living there! You would expect to see biologists, ecologists, and other such scientists, but not some dainty young lady. A few of us actually made a joke about her, correlating to the Matthiessen book, saying that she was trying to run away from her past and just hiding out. I mean that place does

Analysis of Chegg Essay -- Renting Textbooks

In a recent study that was conducted the rate of individuals attending college has increased. This increase in students comes at a time when the country has been described as being in a recession. With job losses, companies closing and lack of job availability many people are returning to school. This return to the classroom comes at a cost. The rate of college tuition has risen in the last few years. In my home state of Kentucky, it appears both of the major Universities have asked to raise tuition every other year. When college cost rise so does the tools needed to attend college. One of the most expensive tools is books. Last year I enrolled my son in college when calculating the books for his classes, we soon learned that the cost of his books and the cost of my books were almost on month’s salary. My family soon learned if we were going to be able to not only attend college but have the necessary tools needed, we would have to consider alternatives to buying book s. I did some research and soon discovered that technology had again come to the rescue. I found a company called Chegg that is an online book rental company. This company provides students with an alternative to buying books by renting them for a portion of the price. According to their article in CrunchBase named â€Å"Chegg edit† the company began at Iowa University in 2005 as a â€Å"hyper-local† classified directory. It was not until 2007 that the company introduced their textbook rental service. When looking at the company from an Information Systems standpoint I would say it ranks up there with the creative ideas of the century. You go online type in your order and it is processed within a matter of days. During the next portion of this paper we will loo... ... planting of a tree with every rental. Works Cited Associated Press. Barnes and Noble starts textbook rentals†. San Jose Mercury News. 1-11-10 http://www.mercurynews.com/education/ci_14165487?source=rss. Crain, Marilyn. Non-Fiction Books Examiner. Is it time to rent a book? April 28. http://www.examiner.com/x-7711-NonFiction-Books-Examiner.7/27/10 CrunchBase. Chegg edit. http://www.crunchbase.com/company/chegg.7/27/10 Forbes Insight. Business Meetings The Case for Face-to-Face. Forbes 2009. King, Peter. A Textbook Case of Renting Books. The Wall Street Journal. April 23, 2009. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124045232885846381.html.7/27/10 Schmit, Julie. Chegg CEO Rashid applies Netflix concept to textbooks†. January 2009. http://www.usatoday.com/money/companies/management/entre/2009-01-11-chegg-rashid _N.htm.

Article on the Discussions of the EMC Problems

The purpose of this article is to discuss the EMC problem and to briefly illustrate its relevance in the development, manufacturing and sale of commercial escalator components in Australia. The intent audiences of this report are engineers and managers from WTM, an escalator development company planning on entering the Australian market. Electromagnetic interference or EMI caused by radiation has been a known problem ever since the very earlier days of the electronic age. In some cases, electromagnetic interference can cause severe conflicts between electronic devices operating in the same environment. Today, with the rapid spread of electrical and electronic devices, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) has become a subject gathering ever increasing interests and attention. Electromagnetic compatibility is known as the discipline of designing, analysing and testing of electronic equipment, to ensure that they are compatible with their electromagnetic environment. By conforming to the EMC regulations in the design stage, we reduce the potential of discovering design problem after the design has left the development laboratory. The definition of EMC can also be described using the terms EMI and EMS. MES is electromagnetic susceptibility or immunity. Thus, a electronic device must have an EMI emission below that of the defined maximum limit and must remain in fault-free operation with interference below the EMS limit. In a carefully controlled environment, such as in an airliner, passengers can be kept from using equipment which might cause interference with the airliners navigational and communication system. But this is not a realistic solution for an escalator system. The use of some electronic equipment in the close proximity of the elevator is inevitable and necessary. Hence, the main problem facing all elevator equipment developers is the need for sufficient equipment and component shielding thus preventing unwanted electromagnetic frequencies from entering or exiting devices and interfering with other control circuitry. This limits the unwanted electromagnetic radiation and ensures that components will continue to function in the presence of EMI from other electronic devices. To accomplish this, equipment designer and manufacturers must take reasonable precautions and be aware of the issues and regulations explained in the following section. In today†s world of electronics, it is necessary to deal with standards for electronic emission and susceptibility levels. The standards are guidelines for emission and susceptibility limits allowing electronic devices to coexist in the same environment. These standards are not static, as technology improves, new standards are established while existing standards are abolished. Manufacturers should refer to the suite of mandatory standards to determine the standards applying to the product. An escalator as a product comprises of many component parts, it is physically large and widely distributed. It is impossible to test a lift for compliance on site due to the fact that the test results are not reproducible. Thus, generic EMC standards are not appropriate. In this case product-specific standard which has been tailored to the specific circumstance and design of the product would apply and take precedence over generic standard. Normally, a product†s conformity has to be proof-read by a type test on EMI and EMS. The results must be within the allowed tolerances and must be independent from when and where it was performed. The EMC standards define the artificial interfaces, test equipment to be used and the set up of the test environment allowing reproducible measurements to be done on EMI and EMS. Developers should only use accredited ad trustworthy test laboratories for EMC tests. Once verification is complete, manufacturers is entitled to a Conformity Declaration. Each product must then be labelled according to the label specification. The label allows the origin of the product to be traced. In Australia and most other industrialise nations, devices without certification can not be sold. It is the responsibilities of the suppliers or manufacturers to ensure that all products on the market satisfy the technical requirement of the Australian EMC framework. Most of the time, a elevator comprises of components sourced from many manufacturers, in this case, the installer is considered the manufacturer. Thus, the components manufacturer must provide the installer with a declaration of conformity. Generally, the earlier EMC is taken into account during development, the lower the expense. From test cases, additional production costs fall between 1-5%. If the issue of EMC is considered after the development phase, the production costs can be significant higher. And if measures were taken after production, the costs will increase by another 30%. Apart from suffering lower profit, the entire manufacturing process will experience long delays, thus reduced market share. Due to high EMC test equipment cost, sometimes EMC measures are given to an external consultant. However, highest flexibility is achieved by doing pre-compliance testing and basic EMC measures in the company during development and give compliance testing and EMC fine tuning to the experts of EMC consultant. In any case, there should be at least one person in the company responsible for the management of EMC regulations, engineering and contacts to the consultants. For a product containing electric or electronic components, EMC is a quality feature just like others. Products without EMC certification do not have a standing ground on the Australia market. To be compliant with the Australian EMC regulations, work need to be carried out in every stage of the development cycle, from the design phase right through to the marketing and installation phase. Thus it is very important for TWM to consult the Australian Spectrum Management Agency of the Australian Communications Authority for a more concise reference for implementing measures which must be taken to assure that the products complies to the Australia EMC Standards.

A Lesson of Being Cautious

I learned a valuable lesson when I lost my mobile phone. On that day, I had an appointment with my friends and I took the bus to go out as usual. But that day was Sunday and the bus was more crowded because a lot of people didn't need to work, and they came out to play. Because there was no pocket on my trousers, I had to put my phone in the shallow coat pocket which resulted in the coming tragedy.After ore than ten minutes, the bus reached the destination, I clenched my fists and elbowed my way through the crowd and got off with difficulty. When I touched the ground, I suddenly thought that someone bumped into me in doorway earlier, and then I touched my coat pocket and found that my mobile phone was gone. Immediately, I looked back at the bus and glanced at the people around, but everything was very strange and it made me feel a little afraid.I walked hastily to the eating place to meet my friends, borrowed a phone of theirs to call my number, but I was unable to get through. Afte r a few seconds of hesitation, I dejectedly gave my dad a call to tell him my mobile phone was stolen. He comforted me that it didn't matter and warned me to be cautious outside and come back home as soon as possible. Even today, it is still an important lesson, to always be careful and cautious, because you never know where bad guys are and what will happen the next second.

Current Issues in Corrections Essay

The article I found is most related to Chapter 4, â€Å"Diversion and Probation†, because it looks at how probation is a great way to help juvenile offenders get back on their feet. The article is about the positive changes that juvenile offenders in California have made due to an increase in probationary programs. The probation departments in California have changed the way they operate and by doing this have accomplished something extraordinary. Originally, probation for juvenile offenders included, â€Å"focus on suppression, enforcement, and monitoring of youthful offenders† (63), but since 1995 all that has changed. A new program called the Comprehensive Youth Services Act / Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (CYSA/TANF) was created that changed the way in which probation works. Now there is a, â€Å"focus on families and on rehabilitative and therapeutic approaches† (63), to help juvenile offenders rather than punish them. The new programs aim to help the entire family because most juvenile delinquency starts from the home. Such programs include, â€Å"case management services, gang intervention programs, and parenting skills training† (64). These new initiatives have led to a dramatic decline in juvenile crime. Arrest rates have gone down, the incarceration rate has diminished, and the amount of juvenile offenders in ranches and camps has also dropped. Not only that, but the amount of teen pregnancies have decreased, and the amount of children living in poverty has improved. These are all a result of changes made within the corrections system. I think it is essential that other states learn from what the probation departments in California have done. They are proving that their new proactive approach is making differences both within the system, and within the community. If these teens can be reached before it’s too late they have a great chance at living a life free from the confinement of prison walls.

Extra Tax on Fast Food Essay

Nowadays people always are overweight or obese. A big reason of this is unhealthy food like a Big Mac, Hamburger etc. Too much of any of those can cause serious health problems which a lot of people of the world today suffer from. The real problem is why are people making these choices? It’s simple, unhealthy food is cheaper than healthy food in many cases. Is it a good idea to introduce a fast food tax, or do unhealthy food observe to remain cheap and free of extra tax? To start things off, I will refer to this unhealthy food as â€Å"fast food†. One problem with fast foods is that they are low in satiation value. That is, people don’t tend to feel as full when they eat them, which can lead to overeating. Another problem is that unhealthy food tends to replace other, more nutritious foods. When people are snacking on chips and cookies, they are usually not loading up on fruits and vegetables. Already you can tell this is quite a problem, but it can be reduced to some degree if we raise the taxes on fast food. If the taxes are increased then people will be opted to buy healthier foods such as vegetables or other nutrient rich foods without added sugar or sodium. They will no longer be more expensive than the cheap, unhealthy, fast food. This in essence, will reduce the amount of unhealthy food that people will ingest. Another point is that the extra tax on fast food will saves lives. Heart disease is the second most common cause of death. Many lives could easily be saved. As well as saving lives, reducing obesity will also improve the quality of life. The argument against a extra tax on fast food is that those on low incomes are more likely to consume unhealthy foods, therefore this tax will increase inequality. However, if a tax on fast food saves lives, we should not avoid implementing it just because it is the poor who will mostly benefit. If we are really concerned about the impact on equality, the revenue from a fat tax can be targeted to the benefit of the poor. A increase in inequality need not occur from a fast food tax. Who is the government to tell people what to eat? If we want to eat salty and fatty foods then let us eat this. The whole point is people are still free to consume as much salty and fatty foods as they like. All in all it can be said that it is an unfair tax because fast food is bad for people who suffer obesity, shouldn’t mean that everyone who enjoys the quick, cheap service fast food offers. People who are in a hurry or people short on cash may find fast food an ideal service, but if it is taxed due to obesity, then it will also affect people who aren’t obese.

Applications in Corporate Finance. Buildalot Essay

Applications in Corporate Finance. Buildalot - Essay Example Background of the company Buildalot is a 50 years old construction company of Ireland. The company was incorporated 30 years back as a group of companies. This consists of many wholly owned subsidiaries that operate in different segment of construction industry. Three segments where company’s business operates are major construction projects, house building construction and office building construction. Subsidiary that operates in major construction project is based on types of undertaken projects. Office building subsidiaries undertake projects related to office constructions. It operates in Europe and Middle East along with successful penetration in the home country of Ireland. The company House building subsidiaries also operate in internationally. The company initially used to engage in residential house building in Ireland started these constructions in these major segments after incorporation in 30 years back. . Business environment analysis Market economy The company operates maximum in domestic market i.e. Ireland. Therefore, this market has substantial influence on this business. Age of democracy and age of the company is similar. So, the company has experienced gradual growth of expenditure of people of this country over the years. Inflation rate in this economy has remained 4% annually over last few years and GDP of this country has been expected to grow 4% annually for next few years. Countries in European Union are the main trading partner of this country. Market competition The extent of competition among the firms in construction industry in this market is high. Eight large companies have been leading the construction market in Ireland. There three other companies including Buildalot who are highly involved in construction work in domestic market as well international markets. According to company’s annual financial data of 2010, it constructed 12% of total new units during this financial year. But, in case of internati onal operation, its business is very small compared to other international companies. The company has generated substantial market share in Ireland especially in office construction segment. Construction projects subsidiaries also awarded many contracts in foreign markets also. Therefore, the company has successfully developed competency and brand value in domestic as well foreign markets. Equity capital structure of the company Buildalot is public limited company which has 441.6 million shares in issue out of total 800 million shares. Issuing price of share is ?0.50. Company’s shares price rose up all time high at ?13.82 at 30th June, 2011. This is a good indicator of company’s growth and it was because of its more than expected results in 2010 financial year. Institutional shareholders have maximum stake than individual shareholders

Write an annotation entry consisting of a Citation, a brief Summary, Annotated Bibliography

Write an annotation entry consisting of a Citation, a brief Summary, and a short paragraph Evaluation of the text below - Annotated Bibliography Example Research by Kolbert in four continents shows that human activities threaten all species that inhabit the planet. According to Kolbert, large numbers of plants and animals are dying. Kolbert says in that â€Å"Up to 50 percent of all living species are in danger of disappearing by the end of the century.† The information in the video is vital because the balance of the ecosystem is declining rapidly. The different species that inhabit the earth are the reason for the existence of sustainable environment for all of us. Activities such as â€Å"†¦fossil fuel consumption, ocean acidification, pollution, deforestation, forced migration†¦Ã¢â‚¬  among others, kill plant and animals (Kolbert n.p.). As a result, a harsh environment that cannot support life develops. The information in the video is sensitive to a balanced environmental existence that every individual desire. To sum up, the creation of sustainable communities through green action plans is an imperative key for human survival. The sustainability is achievable through reducing overreliance on fossil fuel, minimizing the levels of carbonates and sulphates in oceans, and encouraging afforestation. Land reclamation in areas where pollution due to human activities is also an important gesture of commitment to restore a safer environment for all species. As such, all green movement societies should raise their eyebrows and condemn human activities that disrupt the balance of the

Employee motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee motivation - Essay Example This is because the workers feel safe in an environment that is tightly controlled by management. On the other hand, theory Y workers are self-motivated to perform their job responsibilities to the best of their abilities. For these workers, their work is simply an extension of themselves. If they perform poorly in the workplace, then they feel that it reflects badly on them as a person. In business organizations that contain many employees of this type, very little instruction is required from top management because the employees are naturally motivated to perform their tasks and use creative thinking to do so. No matter which type of employees an organization deals with, there needs to be incentives offered that will encourage employees to strive to do their best. An individual goal for an employee could be a bonus depending on how many sales they make in a month. For employees who are not involved in the sales department, this could be translated as how many units of production they do. The added figure to their salaries would be a small percentage based on their work output. Another way could be to offer a promotion if they meet certain company goals. This could be by assigning them to be a manager of a new franchise or factory. Quite naturally, this would result in an increase of pay. For the organization as a whole, the employees can receive a rise in salary based on the total output of the firm. This encourages employees to work well together because it will affect everyone if there is conflict in the workplace. For organizations with a diverse group of employees, the advantage is two-fold: the employees are handsomely compensated for their work, while the total output of the firm increases due to there being less conflict among employees. However, there would need to be an appropriate measure to judge whether some employees are not performing as they should. Any group-based reward system needs to have checks and balances so that no one is

Argument Analysis Paper -Vidal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Argument Analysis Paper -Vidal - Essay Example It is not right if a finale is drawn that every person is virtuous since a number of persons constantly commit crimes after the exploitation of these drugs. Nevertheless, individuals suppose that the prevention adverts make them take more pleasure in their life better. A preponderance of American citizens does not have an excellent memory because they lack the capability of remembering things. The congress had an arrangement to eliminate the drugs, but citizens overlooked the rule and commenced with the abuse of drugs. In the preceding year when the government law limiting for the consumption of marijuana was enacted, adolescents took the drugs and demises augmented. The article proposes the decree that the sale of drugs should be affordable to help in the eradication of drugs vice. The American citizens defend the idea to discontinue drug addiction; however there is no enticing amid sin and money. Therefore, the circumstances will be extra intricate. In the article, Gore Vidal is attempting to depict that citizens are will consume and abuse drugs even if they are lawful or unlawful, and trading them for their price and tagging the righteous and dreadful consequences of drugs. This will instigate citizens to be more conscious of the dangers and cause a decline in the exploitation of drugs. The author obviously affirmed that he is protesting against individuals such as Theodore Dalrymple who appear to suppose that if drugs are proposed to be lawful everybody will exploit them. These will then lead to atrocious things occurring. This is a noteworthy case in point for the first section of â€Å"They Say I Say† that says to affirm what argument a writer responds (Chaffee, 455). Theodore Dalrymple appears to employ the message feature of the metaphorical triangle by offering hordes of information, motives and proof in his article. Conversely, Gore Vidal appears to use the

What are the advantages and disadvantages to outsourcing ROI (Release Research Paper

What are the advantages and disadvantages to outsourcing ROI (Release of Information) - Research Paper Example This calls for a need to outsource the ROI activity so that things can be accomplished with minimal fuss. The potential advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing the ROI are as follows: According to an estimate, Hospital Information Management (HIM) departments need to retain at least three workers on full-time basis and accommodate their pays, monthly privileges and educational expenses in the budget in order to adequately administer the ROI process. (Fournier, Coffey, and Bellenghi, 2008, p. 22). Outsourcing the responsibility for the ROI offers the owners’ room to minimize the expenses by saving the money that would have otherwise been consumed in purchasing the insurance, facilities and monthly privileges for the permanent HIM employees. Also, money spent on educating the employees through additional training is saved. Not only that, outsourcing the ROI services can be employed as a fundamental means to transfer the risks and all liabilities to the contractor accepting the responsibility. In addition to that, applications and requests are entertained timely with minimal inconvenience to the applicants as well as the staff. Furthermore, the information is released with increased responsibility and remaining within the limitations imposed by the owners which goes in favor of the owners. Although usually outsourcing ROI bears more advantages than disadvantages, yet the disadvantages can be very severe once encountered. It is an established fact that no other company would take the responsibility as seriously as the owners themselves fundamentally because the contracting companies are concerned with their fee, and the owners’ reputation does not matter much to the irresponsible contractors. However, disadvantages are not commonly encountered unless the contracting company tends to maximize its profits by selling the owner’s secret reports and statistics to the spying agencies.

Sisters in Law directed by Kim Longinotto and Florence Ayisi Movie Review

Sisters in Law directed by Kim Longinotto and Florence Ayisi - Movie Review Example The movie also uses characters to demonstrate social molestations that females undergo in the society. These include a girl child that has run away from physical molestation, a woman seeking a divorce from an abusive marriage and a teenage girl accusing a neighbor of rape. The two women championing for social justice within the community, also act as the sisters in law. One of them is a judge while the other is the uttermost Lady in the detective agency. They work together to inform, educate and advocate for the social good of the oppressed females. In the film, the end comes with justice served and the audience cheers and applauds happily. The main characters in the film include Vera Ngassa, the state prosecutor; Beatrice Ntuba, the court’s president; the physically abused six-year-old Manka; Amina, a married woman seeking divorce; and Sonita, a girl raped by her neighbor. In the contemporary world, social oppression is a major vice that limits freedom of expression and choice. The African culture still exhibits aspects of discrimination and a sense of subordination placed on female gender. The movie explores a real-life scenario of how action should be taken by the concerned authority to help in mitigating the extent of the vice. Its setting justifies the fact that women can rise beyond the societal odds to liberate their fellow female genders from the hands of the oppressive masculine. Particularly, the character of a child fleeing oppression from a senior relative attracts audience’s attention. It portrays a sense of helplessness and under-age abuse that goes to the extreme ends. From the character’s case, we notice that close family members and relatives are the immediate sources of societal child abuses in an African society.

Information and Data Handling Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information and Data Handling - Coursework Example My work however, which includes accessing the better place my family is going to live in London will be availed in relation to the budget and the affordability of time both for me and my siblings attending schools and my father who need to catch up the train in time while going to work (Ladley, pp.45). However, choice of different methods for collecting data in regards to which place my family will live, either in Ealing or Slough, will be influenced by the strategies, variable, accuracy point and skills behind the data collection that I will avail. This however, will include the use of questionnaires, interviews, direct observation and reports that will give me direct measurements towards the acquisition of the better area my family is going to live.  Questionnaires can be done online by the use of the school database system. I will engage and post questionnaires within my school account to reach my fellow students who leave either in Ealing or Slough to give verdict on how much r enting a three bedroom house cost, the cost of transport to school, effectives in regards to time and general the cost of life in this two areas (Wheelan, pp. 14-25). In addition, direct observation can be of more help since travelling to these areas will give me a clue on how much it cost in transportation and living standards. This however, triggers the use of direct measurements and interviews aspect.   Collect data on the renting cost of 20 three bed roomed houses in Slough and Ealing. You will need to use Estate Agents Websites.

Expatriate Failure And Cross Cultural Communication Essay Example for Free

Expatriate Failure And Cross Cultural Communication Essay It is essential for businesses that are sending expatriate overseas to take precautions to ensure the success of the expatriate in effectively reaching his/her assigned goals. Expatriate failure rate is very high amongst U.S. managers (50%, APG Class Session #13) for many reasons. The failure of an expatriate can be very costly and time consuming for the companies who employ them. The question that needs to be answered is why expatriates fail so frequently and what can MNCs do to lower this failure rate and produce effective expatriate managers. Yet, another reason that companies fail when doing business overseas is the lack of emphasis placed on communication. In all areas of the world communication is done in many different ways. In order to effectively do business in Israel we must learn and understand the diverse ways that their culture must learn and understand the diverse ways that we communicate on a business as well as a social level. If RL Furniture Company can effectively choose or train an adaptive and knowledgeable employee who understands culture and its effects on business and can accompany that along with excellent communication skills, MNCs can directly lower the failure rate amongst expatriates. Expatriates Expatriate Failure There are several reasons why our expatriate may fail in Israel. Expatriate failure can be very costly and can turn a possibly successful business venture into a disaster. The first reason for expatriate failure stems from adaptation problems with the physical and social environments. (Rodrigues pg. 264) This holds especially true when these environments are especially at odds with those of the expatriates home country. We have an advantage in sending our expat, Israelis cultural dimension similarities outweigh their differences, this will make it easier for us to understand their negotiating style before arriving. Some expatriates feel separation anxiety and isolation (culture shock) when they are working in countries with a very different social and values system than their own. (APG Class Session #13) These situations lower the expatriate morale and affect his/her ability to do their job effectively. Differences in technical sophistication also present problems with expats. (Rodrigues pg. 265) The problems lie with conflicts in expectations and when the expat views these problems as insurmountable. Conflicts in this situation also occur in when the expatriate manager tries to apply home country managerial  and organizational techniques to a culture not used to these concepts. This leads to poor implementation of strategies and goals. Expatriate managers also find that carrying out objectives and implementing home country strategies to be very difficult decisions about policies and management style. Expatriates often deal with the conflict of operating within the constraints of the local government and satisfying the home country objectives. Country conflicting policies and objectives present very serious problems with the decision making of expatriate managers. (Rodrigues pg. 265) Expatriate managers are responsible for carrying out orders and guidelines established by home corporate headquarters. The problems arise when the expatriate manager has local constraints placed on him and he/she must find ways to carry out the home country orders while operating under constrained conditions. The home country often does not realize or understand situations the expatriate manager must deal with and this can lead to very tough decisions for the expatriate. Overcentralization is also a problem that may lead to expatriate failure. (Rodrigues pg. 265) If the expatriate managers authority is visibly constrained by Israel or by local governments than his/her authority is jeopardized and he or she loses control and credibility in the eyes of the locals. Gender issues are not problems in many industrialized nations, such as the U.S., but in many nations, there are cultural biases against women, which prevent them from gaining the respect they need to effectively manage. (Rodrigues pg. 265) If a company mistakenly places a woman in charge of operations in a female biased country it can be viewed as disrespectful and show no care for the success OT the subsidiary. In many nations females have no power to make decision and women expats will find it difficult to lent credibility to the decision she makes. This is not the case in Israel they are a feminine culture similar to the U.S. Yet, another reason for expat failure is the lack of companies to consider family needs when moving family overseas to a new and unfamiliar country and culture. (Rodrigues pg. 269) It is more important for ss to prepare the expats family for their journey than it is to prepare the expatriate manager. A family can easily become unhappy and this can lead to poor job performance of the expatriate manager and high levels of stress. These high levels of stress make it difficult for managers to effectively do their job and live an enjoyable life in Israel. Communication Communications when doing business in Israel is an essential key to success. How business dealings are conveyed is very important. If translation is off or inaccurate than the success of the business venture can be seriously jeopardized. This applies not only to verbal communication, but with body language as well. (Rodrigues pg. 314) Body language in some countries is very important and the wrong body language can easily anger foreign business and steer them away from a possible business venture. In countries with language barrier companies must take measure to ensure that proper translation is used. If translation is off than it could mean that the wrong message is being conveyed. Although English is fluent in Israel, we should print our business cards in Hebrew on one side as a sign of respect for Israeli language and way of life. In countries where the same language is spoken body language becomes important. The wrong gesture could spell disaster for an expatriate manager. In order to avoid this problem companies should train and prepare a manager by training them on culture and communications and the possible and negative impact that it can have on the success of a business venture. In Israel business moves at a slower pace than in the United States. We need to build a strong relationship with our business partner before any deal can be made. Summary We can see that the success in a foreign business venture can depend heavily on expatriate preparation and communication skills. RL furniture Co. will be sending one expatriate to Israel to manage an overseas operation. We have discovered that there could be many problems that could lead to our expatriate failing and in turn out companys business venture failing too. To avoid these problems we plan to set up evaluations to determine who would  be the best expatriate manager we will send to Israel. Once we have found the right person for the job, we will set up an intensive training program that will prepare him/her to do their job as effectively as possible. In this training, we will ensure the expat understands Israeli culture and how to effectively adjust to it. In understanding the culture and by developing essential communication skills we are sure that our expatriate manager will be able to carry out company goals while effectively managing operations. Key aspects in cultural dimensions of Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance, established by Geert Hofstede. (Hofstede pg. 14-17) In sending an expatriate that possesses this knowledge and know how we are sure that the venture will be a success.

The Difficulty Limited and Extensive choices Essay Example for Free

The Difficulty Limited and Extensive choices Essay Abstract The conducted study is based on personal choice in limited and extensive choice experimental groups. It was conducted to further the research in choice overload and paralysis of the mind. The central aim was to assess if people in limited choice groups were more motivated to win, found it less difficult to choose and were more satisfied with their choice. Due to past research, results should indicate an evident slant for the limited choice group being more satisfied and finding it less difficult to choose. The  study recruited HPS121 students to participate in a limited and extensive choice experiment in context to hotels. There were 661 participants, each chose one hotel and where then surveyed using six questions; three demographic and three in regards to difficulty, motivation and satisfaction using a 7-point Likert scale. The findings supported the hypothesis and were consistent with past research. Satisfaction and difficulty of choice showed a statistically significant difference with limited choice groups finding it less difficult and ended more satisfied. Motivation wasn’t statistically significant however; the limited choice group were still more motivated to win. Society today has an explosion of choice and this study indicates that too much choice is causing choice overload and paralysis of the mind. Choice is great however, too much is damaging society. Social psychology is the study of how people or situations influence our feelings, thoughts and behaviour. Personal choice is a new study within social psychology and is highly important to research due to the ever-growing explosion of choices we are facing in today’s society. Schwartz (2006) discusses this stigma of more choice being attractive however; it’s decreasing people’s satisfaction and increasing paralysis of the mind. He states that extensive choice leads to greater expectations which leads to a decrease in overall satisfaction, self blame for not making the perfect choice, opportunity costs (i.e.; always wanting to do something that your not doing) and regret/anticipated regret. Mouse heart (2008) a radio host presenter spoke about the choice explosion occurring in today’s society with Hugh Mackay, who has conducted wide-ranging research on the issue of the paradox of choice. Hugh suggests that there is a rise of the options generation which are people ranging from 18-35 years of age who can be distinguished by the pace of change in their lives and how comfortable they are with the open option. Iyengar and Lepper (2000) conducted three studies into the research of limited and extensive choice that explored motivation and satisfactional differences between the two groups. Study one used a display of jams of which two could only be tasted. One condition involved a selection of six jams and the other a selection of 24 jams. The results were evident that the extensive group found it less motivating to buy any jam due to paralyses and choice overload. Study two Iyengar and Lepper (2000) involved essay topics of which the limited choice group chose from six and the extensive choice chose from 30. The topics were based on the film 12 angry men. Results showed in the extensive group that motivation was severly affected when it came to writing the essay and the quality was hindered. Finally study three involved chocolates and three groups, limited choice, extensive choice and no choice (control group). Fndings indicated that participants in the limited choice who tasted chocolate were far more likely to receive $5.00 worth of chocalate as payment for participating than the extensive group who mostly went for the money. The results are contradictory as people in current society have an abundant of choice and perceive it to be better, however; current research shows it may be more beneficial to limit choice. Our study tried to explore this in the motivation, satisfaction and difficulty differences across the two choice groups by conducting a study with six limited choice options and 24 extensive choice options. The study that Deakin university trimester two psychology students participated in was based on limited and extensive choice in context to hotels. This study aimed to replicate current findings on motivation and satisfaction and to test the hypothesis, a person who had fewer hotels to choose from would be more motivated to win the reimbursement, find it less difficult to choose and be more satisfied with their choice of hotel over participants from the extensive choice group. Method Deakin Hps121 students were asked to pick one hotel at which they would like to stay at and one lucky student would win a $400.00 reimbursement for there stay. Participants were split into two groups at random allocation. Half received a choice from six hotels (limited choice group) whereas the others received a choice from 24 hotels (extensive choice group). Once participants had chosen their desired hotel, they were asked a set of six questions, three of which were demographic and the remaining three were conducted using a 7-point Likert scale. Participants: Participants were from Deakin University studying Hps121 in trimester two. The study used a consequence sample randomly allocating participants into the two experimental groups, either extensive choice or limited choice. There were 661 participants in this study, 546 of which were female and 115 of which were male. The ages ranged from 18-66 years of age: (M=22.37 years, SD=7.51 years). Consent was gained through a disclaimer at the start of the survey, which stipulated and outlined the ethical issues. Materials: Photographs of four to five star hotels in Queensland, Australia, with descriptive words explaining the hotel were used. To test the hypothesis a 7-point Likert scale was used to indicate the participants satisfaction, motivation to win and the difficulty the experienced from choosing a hotel. Procedure: Students of Hps121 were asked to complete a survey at their discretion. One lucky student had the chance to win a $400.00 reimbursement for the hotel they chose in the study. Participants were then given a link to the survey  online via cloud Deakin. There was a consent form outlining the ethical issues and participants could either accept or decline to participate. The participants that voluntarily participated were then randomly categorised into the two experimental groups: one limited choice and the other extensive choice. Photographs of hotels that were four to five stars based in Queensland, Australia were then presented to the participants, the photographs had a few words description. The Limited choice group were able to choose from six hotels and the extensive choice group were able to choose from 24 hotels. After the participants had chosen they were then asked to complete a series of six questions, three of which were demographic based and asked for the student’s age, gender and also their student id number. The second three questions were based on a 7-point Likert scale that asked for the participant’s motivation to win, how hard their choice was and how satisfied they were with their choice of hotel. A t-test was then used to derive the results. In conclusion to the study conducted the extensive amounts of choice society is facing currently is damaging the population. Society is however built like this with technology ever growing and choices expanding everyday, therefore the population need to find a way to cope with the paralysis it’s causing. In any case the limited choice groups were far better off and showed higher rates of satisfaction, found it less difficult to make a choice and had slightly more motivation to participate. The study supported the findings from Schwartz, B (2006), Maushart, S (2006) and Iyengar and Lepper (2000). Showing us that extensive choice may be at first more appealing but not beneficial or appealing subsequently. References Iyengar, S. S., Lepper, M. R. When choice is demotivating: Can one desire too much of a good thing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2000, 79: 995-1006. †¢Maushart, S. (Presenter). Multiple Choice, Episode 1 -For the Options Generation, the paradoxes of choice abound -like the couple who lived happily ever afterand then got married. [Podcast radio programme]. (2008, February 20) Sydney: ABC Radio National. Retrieved November 4, 2013 from http://www.abc.net.au/reslib/200803/r229466_914710.mp3 †¢Schwartz, B. Too Much Choice. (2006, October 14) [Video] Retrieved November 4, 2013 from http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/barry_schwartz_on_the_paradox_of_choic e.html

Impact of IMF Policies on China Financial Security

Impact of IMF Policies on China Financial Security Financial crisis swept over the world rapidly last three years. The globalisation and the developed of the derivatives have dramatically changed the whole financial market. The rate of global economic growth was continuing decrease. The economy, particularly financial services sectors suffered a critical strike, which a few investment bank, such as Lehman Brothers Holdings went bankrupt. As one of the largest financial institutions, International Monetary Fund must play more significant role in every areas of finance, especially for financial stability. The members of IMF should following three obligations regarding the abolition of exchange restrictions: Avoidance of restrictions upon current payment. Avoidance of discriminatory currency practices. Convertibility of foreign-held balances. It means IMF has the obligation that protects or makes the whole financial stability. China got a high mark in the process of coping with the financial crisis. The banking in China had a favourable performance, which was a viewpoint by CBRC President Liu Kangming. He pointed that China government had taken a package of measures to stimulate the economy. In the crisis, Chinas banking sectors overall performance, large commercial banks continued to improve profitability, and risk control ability was improved. The role of monetary policy should more significant, meanwhile, the capital market cannot relayed on which being the main source of fund. Between IMF and financial stability of China, it should exists inevitable connection which could impact on banking, credit and insurance. Through the relative research and data analysis, a quantity of experiences and lessons can be summarized and demonstrated, which will advantage other areas of the whole economy to exploit new ways or thinking. Besides, it may become reference to the future. The background of the dissertation Every nation like China is faced with financial management problems to which their business industry should be able to attend to in order to take the economy to move especially during the times of crisis that the global communities are facing. Thus, key financial decisions normally confront the nation leaders in issues and problems that concerns financial investments they usually provide answer to the problems in economy. But despite of this, China remains to be a fortunate, strong economy with a per capita GDP almost similar with the four dominant West European economies (Conway, 2005). Given the importance on low inflation, reforms, a housing market boom, and excellent bonds with other countries like Australia have been essential variables over the course of the economies years of expansion (Conway, 2005). With regards to the current standing of global market and global finance, the current global recession is one of the problems experienced not only in the United States and the United Kingdom but also by the global economy and of course China since their business operation was affected. Today, businesses around the globe work in a more obscured, and more synchronized situation. The monetary policies and practices of China was also affected including their relationship to IMF. The premeditated undertaking, then, is to construct a distinguishing way ahead, using whatsoever core competencies and assets at its discarding, against the environment and control of the situation. Through these distinguishing potentials the organisation look for sustainable competitive plus. With regards to economy of China, financial evaluation and implementation of new strategies can be a demanding exercise. With this, it is difficult to foresee what the future holds (e.g. the actual future outcome may be entirely unexpected), i.e. to foresee what the scenarios are, and to assign probabilities to them; and this is true of the general forecasts never mind the implied financial market returns. However, this is an important procedure because it enables China to make decisions that will be advantageous and beneficial (Lecavalier Santor, 2007). In addition, organisations that are open to change and willing to counter the current financial crisis are generally more successful compare to those who resist it. On the other hand, leadership in accordance to power focuses on the techniques and expertise of efficient organisation, planning, direction, financial planning, credit assessment and control of the operations of a business is really vital. 1.2 Aim and objectives The aim is to analyse the policies and measures of IMF which impact on China financial stability. With respect to the aim of the study, this paper also seeks to attain the following objectives: To research the policies of IMF to China, besides that, those to developing countries should be necessary; To research how China financial services sectors do, especially banking; To analyse how much influence IMF has to these financial services sectors; To analyse the data which IMF and China banking published 1.3 Data and methods The research method depicted in this research is based on both quantitative and qualitative method. The qualitative method permits an iterative and flexible ways, while the quantitative research method lets dependent and independent variables requirement and also allows for longitudinal gauges of ensuing feat of the research subject. Throughout information assembling the preference and plan of methods are continuously tailored, based on current analysis. This allows examination of significant latest issues and questions as they arise, and let the researchers to slump fruitless parts of study from the original research map. Actually, the methods used in this study offer many advantages due to the nature of this study. First of all, for many research questions and objectives, the benefits lie in the enormous saving in resources especially time and money (Saunders et al. 2003, p.200). Actually, this research considers secondary researches due to budget constraint and time limitation. Actually, secondary data provides incomparable benefit that primary data cannot offer. These have generated useful references and have provided a good starting point for formulate and generate ideas. For instance, data includes textbooks related China monetary practices, IMF, financial industry, and government white paper and financial websites. Those data has already been collected and provides an unobtrusive measure. All the sources are quite reliable. Secondly, secondary data may be the only viable choice for many aspects of this research due to the nature in itself. Many psychology data and aggregate data are not likely t o be collected by the author; rather, secondary data from previous researches make this research with easy access. For example, many high quality national newspapers and journal articles being published are permanent and available in a form that may be checked relatively easily. 1.4 Dissertation structure As for the dissertation structure, this paper was broken down into 3 key stages; research problem identification, collection and analysis of information, and Synthesis of information and generation of recommendations. Stage 1: Research Problem Identification In this stage, the researcher considers the exact focus of the problem to be researched. Actually, this engages examination of existing research, practices and theory from genuine literature. This procedure helps the researcher put together empirical findings and theoretical perspectives with the researcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s understanding about problem in the study. This will also help the researcher distinguish the problem feature and learn more about. Stage 2: Collection and Analysis of Data In the second stage, the researcher collected and analyse the data gathered for the purposes of recognizing significant contextual/cultural variables detailed to their setting predominantly in monetary setting. In addition, the evaluation of monetary practices in China and analysis of the policies imposed by IMF are done in this stage. These information enable this research and the researcher to achieve a specific understanding of the problem. Stage 3: Synthesis of Data and Generation of Recommendations In this third stage, the researcher synthesised findings from the previous stages and pertinent previous study. The main centre of this stage is to review these data to amend current hypotheses and account for different factors, in addition to generating recommendations based on new understandings and results. During this stage, culture-specific and research-based recommendations for action are produced. For this study, the researcher focused on the monetary practices of China and IMF policies imposed to borrowing countries. Chapter 2. Literature Review 2.1 Introduction As a response for the global financial crises, the national and international institutions are pushed to create a sound strategy wherein all their knowledge be incorporated thus monitoring and predicting the flow of the financial elements. With the use of wide array of instruments, the assessment on the financial system is found to be based on the analytical practice. The financial stability is difficult to pulse whenever there is an existing financial crisis, and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s getting worse when the crises created a direct impact in the country. 2.2 Related Study of International Monetary Fund According to the history of the international monetary system, 1990s is the most considered time where there is an existence of the hyperinflations and been passed through the different picture of crises in Mexico and Asia. Even the Russia experienced the international financial infection. In each effected episodes of the countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ financial aspect, the impact participated in the savings and investment, employment, and the purchasing power. Many economists pulled their profession in building the specific solution against the crises and their effects as well. This is the birth of the International Monetary Policy or IMF as the first approach in the crises that plagued the international economy (Conway, 2005). Still, some analysts argued that the approach in the IMF is archaic decision most especially in an era of an international mobility. The present crises shows the different faces of doubts, and it would make the private financial markets suffer from the imperfect information and problems of collective action (Henning, 2009). The assessment of the various financial analysts, business interpreters, and economists, they believe that the effectiveness of the IMF in the new century is on the reform f the IMFà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s functions, role and governance structure. The idea is around the consideration of six elements namely, (1) quota, voice, and representation, (2) internal governance, (3) surveillance, (4) lending instruments, (5) finances, and (6) the role of the IMF in the low-income countries (Lecavalier Santor, 2007). 2.3 The Function of IMF and the Role IMF Plays The IMF was identified as the provider of the valuable forecasts, served as the advisor of appropriate policy, and acted as the coordinated management through the financing packages whenever there is an implication of crises and assists the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s adjustment and economic strategies. Through these various characteristics, it is common for the approach to be under the criticisms and be a candidate to tests its ability for a rapid response to the financial crises (Conway, 2005). The appropriate response and the rapid action is the most inevitable requirement in every country to pass through the financial tempest. Obviously, emerging markets face sudden freeze in their capital inflows even if their governments have been pursuing appropriate policies. Based on the basic purpose of the IMF in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world economy, the IMF enables the members to maintain and extend the international economic openness and other strategic adjustments. The role of the IMF extends well beyond providing official finance such as monitoring the international monetary system, fostering the negotiations among the members over the macroeconomic policy in coordination and payments adjustment and pursuing the economic policies. The roles that IMF plays are important, most especially in reducing the impact of the financial crises. But the ability to mobilize the financial resources is the central of the IMFà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s functions (Henning, 2009). 2.4 IMF Financial Soundness Indicators: Core and Encouraged The need for better data and tools to monitor the various financial risks and vulnerabilities in the national systems is pursued and gave to the new area of work called Financial Soundness Indicators or FSI. The IMF has been collecting the various monetary statistics from the participating countries. All of the information gathered admittedly not being focused on the compilation of the soundness and risk information. Translating the needed data based on the information needs careful investigation and be under the assessment to provide the aggregate soundness and risk. In the beginning, the experts and officials of countries collaborated in organizing the call for a process. All the participants agreed that there is indeed, a need for sound information and a number of important indicators and that should be compiled. From the conducted survey of the IMF during the middle of 2000, there was a strong response from over 100 participating countries that allows the IMF to set a core standa rd regarding the financial soundness indicators. In addition, there is an alignment for the countries on what kind or type of information that the country should compile which can be also depends on the national circumstances. After the several rounds of extensive consultations along with the experts, finally, the IMF completed the guide for the indicators they needed. The Compilation Guide: Financial Soundness Indicators or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the Guideà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? was published by the IMF that details the concepts and definition, and sources and techniques to serve as the guidance of the participating countries. The Guide was produced to help the countries in compiling and disseminating the information wherein it allows the country to establish the method of comparing the indictors that could provide the valuable information. In the end of the process, the country can have the current soundness of the aggregate financial system (San Jose, Krueger, Khay, 2008). The use of Guide is considered as highly innovative method through the combination of the elements of macroeconomic frameworks, including the monetary statistics, bank supervisory framework, and international financing accounting standards. The use of the provided definitions measures the soundness or risk such as the capital adequacy, exposure to market risk, market fair value in accounting, balance sheet positions of the banks, and many others. The financial reliability gauges/indicators offered two sets known as the core and encouraged sets: The core of the financial soundness indicators is related to the five basic areas relevant to the point of view of banking business shortened in the method called CAMELS as part of the institutionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ assessment of capital adequacy, asset quality, management soundness, earnings, liquidity, and the sensitivity to market risk. The main goal of the FSI is again, for the international comparability that guarantees the all countries that they will use the same applied method. However, the international comparability is limited to some differences at national level, most especially in accounting standards and the data needed in calculating the FSI (GerÃ…Â ¡l HeÃ…â„ ¢mÃÆ' ¡ne, 2006). 2.5 The Conclusion The most important part of assessing the stability of the financial system is the use of the appropriate number of quantitative indicators and the combination of the approaches. The involvement of the financial soundness indicators is one of the best developments in the International Monetary Fund. The compilation of the financial stability indicators and its related information facilitates the assessment through the single method wherein the countries can possibly compare their data among the others.